English vocab

The annoyed kid had an acrimonious reply when asked to clean his room. Antonym† pleasant In the newspaper article, the cruel senator cast aspersions on his political rival. Antonym- approval Most public schools strongly agree to censure any bias toward religious holidays. Antonym- agreement The famous artist critiqued his students work because there was a lack of expression. Antonym- applause The Journalist defamed the popular celebrity because of his recent arrest. Antonym† flatter; honor The murderer was derided by the police officer when he pleaded guilty on his sixth arrest. Antonym- admireThe devious politician impeached the motives of his running opponent, claiming they were false. Antonym- exonerate Are you making an innuendo that I'm carless? Antonym† evidence The soda addict remonstrated with the school to have the vending machines placed back. Antonym- approve The makeup artist upbraided his apprentice for failing to make the actor look the role for his mo vie. Antonym† compliment In the newspaper article, the cruel senator cast aspersions on his polltlcal rival. 1 OFS Antonym† applause arrest. Antonym† admire were false. Antonym† exonerate back. Antonym† approve Antonym† approval Antonym† agreement

Jose Rizal

Definition of Measurement Measurement  is the process or the result of determining the  ratio  of a  physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc. , to a unit of measurement, such as the meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is called  metrology. The English word  measurement  originates from the  Latin  mensura  and the verb  metiri  through the  Middle French  mesure. Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Measurement Measurement Quantities *Basic FundamentalQuantity name/s| (Common) Quantity symbol/s| SI unit name| SI unit symbol| Dimension symbol| Length, width, height, depth| a, b, c, d, h, l, r, s, w, x, y, z| metre| m| [L]| Time| t| second| s| [T]| Mass| m| kilogram| kg| [M]| Temperature| T, ? | kelvin| K| [? ]| Amount of  substance, number of moles| n| mole| mol| [N]| Electric current| i, I| ampere| A| [I]| Luminous intensity| Iv| candela| Cd| [J]| Plane angle| ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? | radian| rad| dimensionl ess| Solid angle| ? , ? | steradian| sr| dimensionless| Derived Quantities Space Common) Quantity name/s| (Common) Quantity symbol| SI unit| Dimension| (Spatial)  position (vector)| r,  R,  a,  d| m| [L]| Angular position, angle of rotation (can be treated as vector or scalar)| ? ,  ? | rad| dimensionless| Area, cross-section| A, S, ? | m2| [L]2| Vector area  (Magnitude of surface area, directed normal totangential  plane of surface)| | m2| [L]2| Volume| ? , V| m3| [L]3| Quantity| Typical symbols| Definition| Meaning, usage| Dimension| Quantity| q| q| Amount of a property| [q]| Rate of change of quantity,  Time derivative| | | Rate of change of property with respect to time| [q] [T]? 1| Quantity spatial density| ? volume density (n  = 3),  ? = surface density (n  = 2),  ? = linear density (n  = 1)No common symbol for  n-space density, here  ? n  is used. | | Amount of property per unit n-space(length, area, volume or higher dimensions)| [q][L]-n| Spec ific quantity| qm| | Amount of property per unit mass| [q][L]-n| Molar quantity| qn| | Amount of property per mole of substance| [q][L]-n| Quantity gradient (if  q  is a  scalar field. | | | Rate of change of property with respect to position| [q] [L]? 1| Spectral quantity (for EM waves)| qv, q? , q? | Two definitions are used, for frequency and wavelength: | Amount of property per unit wavelength or frequency. [q][L]? 1  (q? )[q][T] (q? )| Flux, flow (synonymous)| ? F,  F| Two definitions are used;Transport mechanics,  nuclear physics/particle physics: Vector field: | Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary. | [q] [T]? 1  [L]? 2, [F] [L]2| Flux density| F| | Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary per unit cross-section/surface area| [F]| Current| i, I| | Rate of flow of property through a crosssection/ surface boundary| [q] [T]? 1| Current density (sometimes called flux density in transport mechanics)| j, J| | Rate of flow of pro perty per unit cross-section/surface area| [q] [T]? 1  [L]? | Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical_quantity#General_derived_quantities http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical_quantity#Base_quantities System of Units Unit name| Unit symbol| Quantity| Definition (Incomplete)| Dimension symbol| metre| m| length| * Original  (1793):  1? 10000000  of the meridian through Paris between the North Pole and the EquatorFG * Current  (1983): The distance travelled by light in vacuum in  1? 299792458  of a second| L| kilogram[note 1]| kg| mass| * Original  (1793): The  grave  was defined as being the weight [mass] of one cubic decimetre of pure water at its freezing point.FG * Current  (1889): The mass of the International Prototype Kilogram| M| second| s| time| * Original  (Medieval):  1? 86400  of a day * Current  (1967): The duration of  9 192 631 770  periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom| T| ampere| A| electric current| * Original  (1881): A tenth of the electromagnetic CGS unit of current. [The [CGS] emu unit of current is that current, flowing in an arc 1  cm long of a circle 1  cm in radius creates a field of one oersted at the centre. 37]]. IEC * Current  (1946): The constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1  m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7  newton per metre of length| I| kelvin| K| thermodynamic temperature| * Original  (1743): The  centigrade scale  is obtained by assigning 0 ° to the freezing point of water and 100 ° to the boiling point of water. * Current  (1967): The fraction 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water| ? mole| mol| amount of substance| * Original  (1900): The molecular weight of a substance in mass grams. ICAW * Current  (1967): The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0. 012 kilogram of carbon 12. [note 2]| N| candela| cd| luminous intensity| * Original  (1946):The value of the new candle is such that the brightness of the full radiator at the temperature of solidification of platinum is 60 new candles per square centimetre * Current  (1979): The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540  ? 012  hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. | J| Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_System_of_Units Scientific Notation Scientific notation  (more commonly known as  standard form) is a way of writing numbers that are too big or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form. Scientific notation has a number of useful properties and is commonly used in calculators and by scie ntists, mathematicians and engineers.In scientific notation all numbers are written in the form of (a  times ten raised to the power of  b), where the  exponent  b  is an  integer, and the  coefficient  a  is any  real number  (however, see  normalized notation  below), called the  significand  or  mantissa. The term â€Å"mantissa† may cause confusion, however, because it can also refer to the  fractional  part of the common  logarithm. If the number is negative then a minus sign precedes  a  (as in ordinary decimal notation). ————————————————-Converting numbers Converting a number in these cases means to either convert the number into scientific notation form, convert it back into decimal form or to change the exponent part of the equation. None of these alter the actual number, only how it's expressed. Decimal to scientif ic First, move the decimal separator point the required amount,  n, to make the number's value within a desired range, between 1 and 10 for normalized notation. If the decimal was moved to the left, append  x  10n; to the right,  x  10-n.To represent the number 1,230,400 in normalized scientific notation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to the left and  x  106  appended, resulting in1. 2304? 106. The number -0. 004  0321 would have its decimal separator shifted 3 digits to the right instead of the left and yield  ? 4. 0321? 10? 3  as a result. Scientific to decimal Converting a number from scientific notation to decimal notation, first remove the  x 10n  on the end, then shift the decimal separator  n  digits to the right (positive  n) or left (negative  n). The number1. 2304? 06  would have its decimal separator shifted 6 digits to the right and become 1 230 400, while  ? 4. 0321? 10? 3  would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to the left and be-0. 0040321. Exponential Conversion between different scientific notation representations of the same number with different exponential values is achieved by performing opposite operations of multiplication or division by a power of ten on the significand and an subtraction or addition of one on the exponent part. The decimal separator in the significand is shifted  x  places to the left (or right) and 1x  is added to (subtracted from) the exponent, as shown below. . 234? 103  =  12. 34? 102  =  123. 4? 101  = 1234 Significant Figures The  significant figures  (also known as  significant digits, and often shortened to  sig figs) of a number are those  digits  that carry meaning contributing to its  precision. This includes all digitsexcept: * leading  and  trailing zeros  which are merely placeholders to indicate the scale of the number. * spurious digits introduced, for example, by calculations carried out to greater prec ision than that of the original data, or measurements reported to a greater precision than the equipment supports.Inaccuracy of a measuring device does not affect the number of significant figures in a measurement made using that device, although it does affect the accuracy. A measurement made using a plastic ruler that has been left out in the sun or a beaker that unbeknownst to the technician has a few glass beads at the bottom has the same number of significant figures as a significantly different measurement of the same physical object made using an unaltered ruler or beaker. The number of significant figures reflects the device's precision, but not its  accuracy.The basic concept of significant figures is often used in connection with  rounding. Rounding to significant figures is a more general-purpose technique than rounding to  n  decimal places, since it handles numbers of different scales in a uniform way. For example, the population of a city might only be known to the nearest thousand and be stated as 52,000, while the population of a country might only be known to the nearest million and be stated as 52,000,000. The former might be in error by hundreds, and the latter might be in error by hundreds of thousands, but both have two significant figures (5 and 2).This reflects the fact that the significance of the error (its likely size relative to the size of the quantity being measured) is the same in both cases. Computer representations of  floating point numbers  typically use a form of rounding to significant figures, but with  binary numbers. The number of correct significant figures is closely related to the notion of  relative error  (which has the advantage of being a more accurate measure of precision, and is independent of the radix of the number system used).The term â€Å"significant figures† can also refer to a crude form of error representation based around significant-digit rounding; for this use, see  signific ance arithmetic. The rules for identifying significant figures when writing or interpreting numbers are as follows:   * All non-zero digits are considered significant. For example, 91 has two significant figures (9 and 1), while 123. 45 has five significant figures (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). * Zeros appearing anywhere between two non-zero digits are significant. Example: 101. 12 has five significant figures: 1, 0, 1, 1 and 2. Leading zeros are not significant. For example, 0. 00052 has two significant figures: 5 and 2. * Trailing zeros in a number containing a decimal point are significant. For example, 12. 2300 has six significant figures: 1, 2, 2, 3, 0 and 0. The number 0. 000122300 still has only six significant figures (the zeros before the 1 are not significant). In addition, 120. 00 has five significant figures since it has three trailing zeros. This convention clarifies the precision of such numbers; for example, if a measurement precise to four decimal places (0. 001) is given as 12. 23 then it might be understood that only two decimal places of precision are available. Stating the result as 12. 2300 makes clear that it is precise to four decimal places (in this case, six significant figures). * The significance of trailing zeros in a number not containing a decimal point can be ambiguous. For example, it may not always be clear if a number like 1300 is precise to the nearest unit (and just happens coincidentally to be an exact multiple of a hundred) or if it is only shown to the nearest hundred due to rounding or uncertainty.Various conventions exist to address this issue: * A  bar  may be placed over the last significant figure; any trailing zeros following this are insignificant. For example, 1300 has three significant figures (and hence indicates that the number is precise to the nearest ten). * The last significant figure of a number may be underlined; for example, â€Å"2000† has two significant figures. * A decimal point may be placed afte r the number; for example â€Å"100. † indicates specifically that three significant figures are meant. * In the combination of a number and a  unit of measurement  the ambiguity can be voided by choosing a suitable  unit prefix. For example, the number of significant figures in a mass specified as 1300  g is ambiguous, while in a mass of 13  h? g or 1. 3  kg it is not. Rounding Off Numbers Rounding  a numerical value means replacing it by another value that is approximately equal but has a shorter, simpler, or more explicit representation; for example, replacing ? 23. 4476 with ? 23. 45, or the fraction 312/937 with 1/3, or the expression v2 with 1. 414. Rounding is often done on purpose to obtain a value that is easier to write and handle than the original.It may be done also to indicate the accuracy of a computed number; for example, a quantity that was computed as 123,456 but is known to be accurate only to within a few hundred units is better stated as â₠¬Å"about 123,500. † On the other hand, rounding introduces some  round-off error  in the result. Rounding is almost unavoidable in many computations — especially when dividing two numbers in  integer  or  fixed-point arithmetic; when computing mathematical functions such as  square roots,  logarithms, and  sines; or when using a  floating point  representation with a fixed number of significant digits.In a sequence of calculations, these rounding errors generally accumulate, and in certain  ill-conditioned  cases they may make the result meaningless. Accurate rounding of  transcendental mathematical functions  is difficult because the number of extra digits that need to be calculated to resolve whether to round up or down cannot be known in advance. This problem is known as â€Å"the table-maker's dilemma†. Rounding has many similarities to the  quantization  that occurs when  physical quantities  must be encoded by numbers orà ‚  digital signals. Typical rounding problems are pproximating an irrational number by a fraction, e. g. ,  ? by 22/7; approximating a fraction with periodic decimal expansion by a finite decimal fraction, e. g. , 5/3 by 1. 6667; replacing a  rational number  by a fraction with smaller numerator and denominator, e. g. , 3122/9417 by 1/3; replacing a fractional  decimal number  by one with fewer digits, e. g. , 2. 1784 dollars by 2. 18 dollars; replacing a decimal  integer  by an integer with more trailing zeros, e. g. , 23,217 people by 23,200 people; or, in general, replacing a value by a multiple of a specified amount, e. . , 27. 2 seconds by 30 seconds (a multiple of 15). Conversion of Units Process The process of conversion depends on the specific situation and the intended purpose. This may be governed by regulation,  contract,  Technical specifications  or other published  standards. Engineering judgment may include such factors as: * The  precision and accuracy  of measurement and the associated  uncertainty of measurement * The statistical  confidence interval  or  tolerance interval  of the initial measurement * The number of  significant figures  of the measurement The intended use of the measurement including the  engineering tolerances Some conversions from one system of units to another need to be exact, without increasing or decreasing the precision of the first measurement. This is sometimes called  soft conversion. It does not involve changing the physical configuration of the item being measured. By contrast, a  hard conversion  or an  adaptive conversion  may not be exactly equivalent. It changes the measurement to convenient and workable numbers and units in the new system. It sometimes involves a slightly different configuration, or size substitution, of the item.Nominal values  are sometimes allowed and used. Multiplication factors Conversion between units in the  metric system  can be discerned by their  prefixes  (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000  grams, 1 milligram = 0. 001  grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10? 6  metre). Table ordering Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and the  SI  units (base or derived) are highlighted. ————————————————- Tables of conversion factorsThis article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Legend| Symbol| Definition| ?| exactly equal to| ?| approximately equal to| digits| indicates that  digits  repeat infinitely (e. g. 8. 294369  corresponds to  8. 29 4369369369369†¦)| (H)| of chiefly historical interest| ASSIGNMENT IN PHYSICS I-LEC Submitted by: Balagtas, Glen Paulo R. BS Marine Transportation-I Submitted to: Mrs. Elizabeth Gabriel Professor in Physics-Lec Jose Rizal Write a reflection paper tracing the development of Rizal as a reformist who began to work for changes in his country using: a) one (1) work from Rizal As A Reformist b) the Noli Me Tangere Show also the significance of these works on Filipino society today and how it can change today’s trends. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Dr. Jose P. Rizal (keyword: love of country) Rizal’s Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa was written in 1882 when Rizal was 21 years old.Rizal was away in Spain for only a month, which may have inspired him to write this literature because he misses his homeland. This work of Rizal is a very significant work of Rizal as a reformist because it expresses his dear love for his native land. As he wrote this literature and felt his love for his country, he builds the foundation of him being a reformist because of the drive to fight for change. Through Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Rizal realizes how much he loves his country and that it has fallen into the wrong gov ernance and that this needs to be changed.Through the lines â€Å"Maging anuman nga ang kalagayan natin, ay nararapat nating mahalin siya at walang ibang bagay na dapat naisin tayo kundi ang kagalingan niya (referring to Philippines)† Rizal explicitly reveals his love for the country and expresses the importance to love and work for the betterment of our homeland. It can also be seen in these lines that even if he is out of the country studying, he will do his part as a Filipino to fight for the rights of every Filipino.Today, this work of Rizal may serve as a reminder for all the people in this country that being a Filipino calls for a duty to serve our native land and fellow citizens. If though Rizal’s work, Filipinos realize their duty as a citizen and love for their country, the Philippines would be a better place to live in and it would be easy to manipulate the society towards a progressive nation. Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose P. Rizal Rizal’s well-known no vel entitled Noli Me Tangere is one of his works that clearly expresses Rizal as a reformist.Rizal finished his first novel when he was at the age of 26 years old. The hero was penniless, good thanks to his friend Maximo Viola who supported him and shouldered the publication of this novel, the reason why we have a copy in our hands. In this novel, Rizal conveys his belief that education is very important and is an effective tool for reform in the country. Rizal was very brave to depict the issues in the Philippines such as corruption and oppression through the characters and storyline in his novel.The Noli Me Tangere was a very expressive move of Rizal to start the campaign for liberal reform for the country. In this book, Rizal shares his personal experiences at the harsh hands of the Spaniards, as well as experiences shared by his loved ones. Rizal’s brave soul to publish a novel containing these experiences and lessons, encourages Filipinos to be continuous is learning as he did. It again, boils down to his belief that education will strengthen one’s principles in life and even open your world to the experiences of other people.Until today, Noli Me Tangere and its sequel El Filibusterismo serve as an inspiration for writers to express through literature any present issues in the society. It also evokes the idea of liberalism in such a way that Filipinos has become open-minded to innovations and beliefs that will benefit the country. Most importantly, education is very well valued, as tool needed by every individual to help progress the country.

Mazda Case Essay

1. Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protegà © and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? IMC played a very important role in the marketing of automobiles. Using the new IMC program, Mazda had a new segmentation and selected a new target market. The advertising of Protegà © and MAZDA6 made a big difference, the Protegà © advertisement focused on the target audiences’ inner mind and presented the life-related scene to strike a sympathetic chord. But MAZDA6 advertisement focused more on the performance of the car and made a â€Å"mature† image, spent more budgets in advertisement on the magazines, even cooperated with ESPN to appeal to sport fans (the target audience). The Mazda used some direct marketing like sending mails and CD-ROM to the client. Also set the website for the model to attract more people, especially the Protegà ©. Mazda gave a major push to the Protà ©gà © on the Internet including several fun activities and games, this Internet marketing made a huge success. The slogan and advertisements gave the audience a impression of the sporty, fun-to-drive Mazda. The IMC program of Mazda gave the company a second birth. 2. Evaluate Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get In. Be moved† tagline for the Protà ©gà © and adopt the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† theme for is advertising. â€Å"Get In. Be Moved† was a powerful slogan for Mazda developed by Doner, it created a brand promise to consumers that when you get in a Mazda car, the car can get you moved. It was a success since it can stand for all the models of Mazda. But the question is this tagline could not demonstrate the spirit and the distinguishing feature of Mazda. Instead, the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† phrase created an environment of senses for the audience. The â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† sound stand for the sound of the engine and wake the inner child of the target audience. This new phrase not only perfectly describe the sporty theme of Mazda, but also more appeal†¦

Substance Absue Relapse Amung Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Substance Absue Relapse Amung Women - Essay Example Relapse is a situation of 'converting back' from a condition after a short or long abstinences. In drug addiction and substance abuse, it can be defined as "the resumption of the use of drugs after leaving it for some time" (Harris, J., Anderson, J. and Sharon, W, 1998). For substance abuse relapse among women, the issue of resumption of females to substance abuse after they have recovered. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines substance abuse as "the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances which include illicit drugs and alcohol". A prolonged or repeated use of such substances can lead to addiction which is usually evident with continued use of the substances despite the fact that physical and mental deterioration is being noticed. In fact, various researchers in the world have come up with different conclusions and suggestions regarding the causes, effects, solutions and recommendations on how to deal with substance abuse and relapse not only among women but also in all genders (Laws, D. & Ward, T. 2000). Substance abuse is a global issue. ... "In some producing areas, in Iran, between 4 and 6 percent of the population are opium addicts. The country has an estimated 1.2 million opiate addicts, including 150,000 heroin users. In the producing areas of Laos and Thailand, the addiction rate is as high as 10 percent. Fully 80 percent of the heroin consumed in Europe comes via the Balkans. Of the opium that comes from Southeast Asia, as much as 50% is sent to China. In the United States and Canada, in 1991 there were 360,000 heroin addicts; in 2000 there were 600,000 heroin addicts." (Cherry, Dillon, & Rugh, 2002) "Indeed, on the average, the federal government has spent well over $10 billion a year on drug control for at least the last ten years. Currently, fifty-two federal agencies have a stake in drug control, and each must justify its budget." (Cherry, Dillon, & Rugh, 2002) The U.S. has a lengthy history of legal and social measures aimed at thwarting substance abuse. The first legal measures against substance abuse came in 1875 when opium dens were outlawed in San Francisco in 1875. (Cherry, Dillon, & Rugh, 2002) "The first national drug law, the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, required accurate labelling of patent medicines containing opium and certain other drugs."(Cherry, Dillon, & Rugh, 2002) "The spirit of temperance led to the prohibition of alcohol by the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1919." (Cherry, Dillon, & Rugh, 2002) Narrowing the substance abuse view down, the literature shows that in 2003 there were 56, 671 treatment admissions in the state of New Jersey. (New Jersey Department of Human Services, 2004) Of those admissions 56, 671 treatment admissions in the state of New Jersey, Essex county recorded

Rhetorical Analysis Essay(William Gibson-cyberpunk) Essay

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20th Century Philosophy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Family business - Essay Example Key performance indicators such as financial ratios and pay for performance are a good way to assess overall and individual performance of an individual in the organization. The basic KPIs used by family owned businesses could be: Financial ratios, these are good indicators of how well the business is doing financially. This is because the biggest risk in a family business is the mismanagement if finances and useless spending by family members on their personal affairs. Measures such as sound financial reporting and analysis can allow the organization to keep a check and balance on the performance of both the company and the individuals working within it. Pay for performance is also another way to measure good business performance in a family business. Individuals in a family business are driven towards making the company successful and have a thirst to prove their worth. If the company works according to the rules that are applied to all employees and not just family members, pay for performance can be a good indicator of business performance. The biggest risks apart from financial drain are rivalry among family members over ownership and capital, nepotism and favoritism and sibling rivalry after succession. To avoid this, proper succession planning should be in place so that even after the demise of the first generation, the business performs well enough to go to the second generation. Family governance involves the family to regularly meet and discuss where the company is headed and devise long term strategies. It involves the members who are on the B.O.D to meet with the members of both family and management to discuss how the organization is performing under the set values of the family. Like mentioned, most family businesses tend to involve themselves more in philanthropy due to the values it holds There are three components of family governance. When it comes

Grammar edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Grammar edit - Essay Example Together with my group mates, I was forced to present our final project in class. When it was my turn to speak, I felt so nervous. My heart started to beat so fast. Because of my nervousness, I failed to deliver my speech the way I planned to. It also made me forget important facts I was supposed to inform my classmates. Eventually, the only thing that mattered to me is that the presentation has ended so soon. In another class, I was also required to summarize a book chapter in front of my classmates. Since I was so eager to improve my speaking abilities, I decided to spend a few hours a day practicing what I had to say in front of my classmates. To remove my nervousness in front of so many people, I asked some of my friends to be my audience. I also listened to what my friends would say about the way I speak and act during the presentation. Sometimes, I record my own voice and stand in front of the mirror to check the way I pronounce each word and how I was sending out some non-verbal cues to other people. Since then, I was able to ease and control my anxiety. Gradually, I felt so much confident when being asked to speak in public. Personally, I consider my zone of optimal functioning as the low zone. When having low levels of anxiety, I tend to become less stressed. Basically, low level of anxiety and nervousness made me perform better. Each time I experience high levels of stress, I tend to perform

Council of Graduate Students Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Council of Graduate Students - Assignment Example There is no additional hierarchy amongst the general members. The group is egalitarian in its scope and all the members do have an important role in it. Each general member is expected to selflessly serve the new arrivals at the college and to acquaint them with the institution’s culture and values. In the case of any ambiguity or doubt, the general members can approach any of the five members of the governing body to seek help and advice. Under special circumstances, the governing body may assign special roles and responsibilities to a select group of general members. However, such groups happen to be task oriented and usually temporary and membership of such a group does in no way makes any general member superior to other members. As the membership of this group is open to all the college students and is voluntary in its scope and perspective, hence this group is very close-knit, bound by the common altruistic aspirations to help, guide and inform the new arrivals at the college. No specific norms tend to govern the group activities. However, the group members are strictly expected to not to succumb to any racial, ethnic, religious, or political considerations while serving the new students. In case it is found that any member has gone contrary to such aspirations, strict action is immediately taken, which usually comprises of a strong warning. A repetitive breach of the group policy may invite a tough action like a suspension from the group membership.

British Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

British Airways - Assignment Example The company has won several awards for best in customer service, the best airline, just to name a few (British Airways Plc SWOT Analysis, 2014, p. 4). This is the most recognized motivation model. Maslow suggested that in this model, people have a set of strong needs that are possible to arrange in a hierarchy. Once the motivation needs have been satisfied, they decline in importance. After a need has been satisfied another emerges to take its place. In addition, the lower needs must be satisfied before the upper level needs. The model states that an individual has five types of needs (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2009, p. 131). 1. Outcomes- first level outcomes refer to performance and the second level outcomes are the consequences in which the first level outcomes lead to (result of performance is some reward for attaining goal). 4. Valence- this is the strength of the employee’s preference for any particular reward or outcome. The first level outcome valence is the sum of the product of the associated second level outcomes and their instrumentalities. Thus, the first level valence depends on the extent to which the results are valuable in the second level outcomes. The valence can be either negative or positive (Lunenburg & Ornstein, 2012, p. 91). The logic of expectancy theory is that British Airways administration intervenes on the work situations to maximize expectancies, instrumentalities and valence that support organizational goals. To influence the expectancies, British Airways selects people with the appropriate abilities and skills, providing them with continuous professional development, supporting them with the needed resources and identifying clear performance goals. To accomplish this, British Airways makes the desired performance goals attainable. The administration makes it clear what is expected of the employees thus enabling them to attain the goals. To influence instrumentality, the administrators clarify the

Ryan Air Writeup Essay Example for Free

Ryan Air Writeup Essay To make money at that fare I would expect that they have a distinctive cost advantage over the current operators, say British Airways and Aer Lingus. Being a small operator I would expect some efficiencies and reduced costs that the other two airlines cannot realize. I would expect Ryan Air to lease its plane as opposed to buying it (as they only have one route, no scale efficiencies from owning their fleet can be realized) that would nullify their depreciation expense and other aircraft costs and their selling effort would be less (only one route). Initially, any expense derived from the fleet size would be less as well (as the 44-seater doesn’t need as much space in the hangars nor intensive usage of the runways as it is a fast take off/take down plane). However, for this case i have decided to leave them equal if they are variable costs. Finally, if they manage to increase the utilization rate of its aircraft with relation of British Airways and Aer Lingus, the per-person fixed costs would be less, about a 40% less (increase in utilization from 60% to almost 100%). Some estimation about Ryan Air’s cost breakdown that would ensure a profit can be found in the table above.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company of 1911 Essay Example for Free

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company of 1911 Essay The fire that occurred at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company is one event that shaped and changed many things in American Labor Laws and Unions (Stolley). The inhumane condition of the working setting leads to the tragic accident which then serves as an eye opener for the authorities to reform laws and regulations that will provide safety for workers. Until this day it is a horrible scenario that leaves its marks to the mind of American people (Stein). Although the fire claimed the lives of 146 workers, most of which are young teenage girls, the incident in return provided the public and authorities information about the poor working condition experienced by factory personnel; in the triangle shirtwaist company case, workers worked long hours at minimal wages while being housed at cramped quarters (Pepe). It gave insights of the different problems that poses threats and risks the safety of the workers. As a result, reforms in regulations and laws are enacted and ratified that served the best interest of the workers (Jones). In addition, worker’s union became more vocal in airing their grievances. A call for change in the medium of operations became widespread phenomenon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The call for change was made in response to avoid such incident from happening again. The tragic event could have been prevented and casualties could have been minimized if only appropriate sets of proper rules and regulations were implemented and observed by management at the site (Drehle). Failure in applying and observing these necessary precautions resulted to a more tragic incident. Witnesses and survivors from the fire accounted several factors that made the situation more difficult for workers to escape from the horrifying event. On top of the list they mentioned that contributes to the gravity of the situation was the design of the only door which was made available as escape route for workers at the time the fire happened. In an effort to prevent thief and burglar from entering and leaving factory premises, only a single door was made available for personnel use. Every other door was ordered by management to be locked for security purposes. Through this door workers are carefully inspected and checked for possible theft activity. The design of that door was for it to open by pushing or pulling it inward (Pepe). Thus, in order to open it an ample amount of space is needed inside the building. If the door opens by flipping and pushing it outward, authorities believed that death toll should have been less. The influx of the workers rushing out of the establishment prevented the door to be opened since there was not enough space for the door panel to take up. As a result a large number of workers are trapped inside the burning structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company’s lack of preparedness to such event unfolding was also a major reason for the numerous numbers of deaths which compost mostly of female immigrant workers. Reports that were recorded showed that in controlling the fire to prevent it from spreading only twenty-seven buckets were provided and even though fire hoses were provided at each floor, the water valve in which they are connected did not produce fire when turned on (Stolley).With the few buckets being utilized and fire hoses ineffective, fire spread at rapid rate. Workers begin to panic and then the situation has become chaotic. Soon, workers started to fill up the elevators which in turn would prove to be fatal, as some were killed in an instant, due to reasons of struggling and entangling, while others were killed as they were trapped inside it, in the end being eaten by the fire. Others proceeded to the fire escape, some had reached the ground but soon it collapsed. As an option of last resort workers also started climbing out of windows, frightened to be caught up by fire they jumped out of the building in a desperate effort to save their lives. One by one, they jumped, and not long before one after another bodies started to line up the streets and death rate was increasing at an alarming rate. Those who were there that bear witness to the bodies falling one after another and eventually reaching its end, could only watch in horror.   It was evident that the company failed to embed to its workers the importance of emergency drills that could have made evacuation of personnel more orderly. If a calm and proper evacuation process was introduced to the workers, then maybe the outcome of the incident could be different. It is because of these drills that they should have been equipped with the proper knowledge and familiar with the things they should have done and things which they did not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fire department that aids the burning factory was also at fault. Necessary equipments that could have provided the much needed assistance and save the lives of the workers were either defective or missing. The ladder provided by firemen which were first to arrive to the fire scene could only reach the seventh floor (Stein). However, workers were trapped in the ninth floor. In the ground fire blankets and safety nets were provide that would assure the safety of people falling from high places. However, at the weight of the jumping workers blankets and nets started to rip off. Firemen and authorities who were assigned to catch leaping victims, found the job very difficult due to the large number of persons needing assistance. With the sound of falling bodies touching the ground, death toll increases. The sound was so earthshaking that those who witness the disturbing scenario coined a term for it, the â€Å"death thud†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although all fingers are pointing and evidences showed that it was Triangle Waist Shirt management’s negligence that resulted to tragic accident, they were not found guilty. The acquitted the management from the case that was filed against them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Triangle Waist Shirt fire of 1911 was a dark patch in American History. However, the events that transpired the day after the fire happened were more important. Because of the tragedy, government officials became aware of the awful condition factory workers are exposed to. Laws that would support their cause and try to improve the working conditions were passed. Different government agencies are in the forefront of pushing reforms for factory operations, procedures and guidelines that have and will greatly provide benefits to the working class. Insurances such as health are also given to every personnel. The public today has become vigilant of the condition of the workers and the kind of work given to them. The fire also initiated the creation of new building, fire and safety codes in New York then other cities followed. Stiff penalties and punishments await those who failed to comply Work’s Cited Page Drehle, David von. Triangle: The Fire That Changed America  Ã‚   Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004. Jones, Gerard. Men of Tomorrow. New York: Basic Books, 2005. Pepe, Pauline Cuoio. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire.Eyewitness to America. New York: Pantheon, 1997. Stein, Leon. The Triangle Fire. New York: A Carroll Graf, 2001. Stolley, Richard. Events That Shaped the Century. Virginia: Time-Life, 1998.

Nissans external environment

Nissans external environment Natural Environment Nissans â€Å"ultimate goal† Nissans is one of the top producers of automobile company which they used up many environmental resources because cars basically run on fossil fuel and gasoline. As a global manufacturer of automobile, Nissan have set an ultimate goal which is to manage the environmental impact generated by (Nissan Global)Nissans corporate activities, customer use of Nissan vehicles, and the companys use of resources on a level that is within natures capacity to absorb. Nissans aim is also to minimize the impact of earth from (Nissan, 2009) Key Issues of Nissan Nissan now focuses on the 3 Key issues which are:- To reduce the Carbon Dioxide emission, To reduce other emission to preserve earth resources including the atmosphere, soil and water To promote the resources cycle through 3rs, Reduction, Reuse Recycle. Task 1. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions Nissan believe that reducing the CO2 emission requires not only by Nissan alone but also a cooperative efforts by all society. Nissan is also making aggressive efforts in reducing the Carbon Monoxide emission in their business activities and thus, their effort will lead to contribution of the society. Task 2. Reducing emissions*1 (protecting the air, water and soil) Nissans 2nd task is to reduce any emission that will have negative impact on earth resources including the atmosphere, air, water and soil. According to Nissan, it is a requirement for them to consider the life cycle of their vehicle from the vehicles development to production and finally to the vehicles disposal. Task 3. Resource recycling (promoting reducing, reusing, and recycling) Nissans aim is to achieve the mobile society through automobile recycling. According to Nissan basic approach, they are implementing the 3 Rs to use their resource effective and efficiently. The 3 Rs are:- Reduce Reuse Recycle They are planning to reduce the material to its minimal when producing their automobile, reuse the resources whenever possible and recycle their resources for the future use. Technology Environment Nissan has four areas of technological goals which include the environment, safety, dynamic performance and life on board. Nissan create these values in order to provide their customers with trusted driving pleasure. (Nissan Global) Environment Nissan has a long term goal to reducing CO2 help the environmental crisis such as global warming. With this goal, Nissan had set their target of reducing CO2 emission in their new car by 70% in the year 2050. (Nissan Environmental Technologies) Safety Nissan claims that their aim is to reduce the number of serious and fatal injuries from accidents involving Nissans vehicle by halve by the year 2015. Nissan has work hard to progressively design a safer vehicle to the customer based on real world accident analysis. Nissan carried out various crash test from normal driving accident to serious and fatal accidents to be analyzed and to provide continuous improvements onto Nissans vehicle. (Nissan Safety Technologies) Dynamic Performance Nissan focuses on qualities such as quietness of the vehicle and the power response. The vehicle handling however such as steering stability, steering responsiveness and vehicle behavior are very important to please the driver of Nissans vehicle according to Nissan. (Nissan Dynamic Performance) Life on Board Nissan vehicle provides an unprecedented value through their every stage from getting into vehicle, preparation to drive, actual driving experience and to getting out from the vehicle. Nissan is also delivering the three kinds of value on the driving experience on Nissan vehicle. (Nissan Life on Board) Cockpit which are design for easy driving Cabin comfort High quality of the interior Sociocultural Environment Nissan is building and manufacturing cars to meet all types of peoples demand. Different people would prefer different types of cars depending on the consumer itself. Assume that if a person prefer vehicle that can go off-road, he could have prefered Nissan Xterra or Nissan Frontier whereas people who are rich and like fast cars would go for cars like Nissan Silvia, Nissan Skyline or Nissan Fairlady 350z. Not all types of driver are suited for all types of cars. This is the reason why Nissan Build many different types of vehicle to suit different types of driver. Below are the some of the lists of different category of Nissan vehicle that are still on production today. Nissan for the adrenaline and want-to-go-fast guys: Nissan Skyline GT-R 35 Nissan 370z Nissan for the adventurous and explorer: Nissan X-trail Nissan Navara Nissan Frontier Nissan for the budget driver: Nissan Latio Nissan Sentra Nissan March International Environment Nissan Company succeeded in selling their automobiles internationally in every continent. This means that Nissan is an international company. Although its availability all around the world, Nissan has to compete on a global basis because there are many high-quality and low price automobiles from all around the world including Toyota, Ford, Mitsubishi and many other more. The international environment provides new competitors, customers and suppliers from everywhere. Although is a good thing Nissan expands their business internationally, this will make the company even harder to control as there are many branches everywhere in the world where Nissan has to retain the standards of every Nissan branches in terms of their services. Nissan would also have to make their automobile available to every place with Nissan branch where they either ship their automobile internationally or the automobile is manufactured locally. Economic Environment Nissan and Renault established as the Renault-Nissan Purchasing Organization (RNPO) in the year 2001. This was key ways to reduce cost by combining both their resources to be more efficient in the organization. Renault and Nissan currently hold 60% shares some part and raw materials suppliers. (Agrawal, 2007) Legal and Political Environment Nissan vehicle have to meet certain standards to be able to enter certain countries to be sold. This is due to the fact that certain states do not allow high performance vehicle such as Nissan Skyline models to enter the state because driver might misuse the vehicle for illegal street racing. Besides high performance automobile, Nissan also needs to meet the Emission Standards whereby it is a requirement that set a specific limit of the pollution produce by an automobile that are released to the environment. These standards are to protect the environment of any air pollution to the country as this may lead to global warming. Emissions that are being tested include carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur oxide and others. Aside from that also, there is also safety standards that should be tested before the vehicle is legally produce to the market. In other words, the vehicle should be safe enough for the driver in meeting the safety standards. The safety standards include: Crash Avoidance Control whereby in an event of emergencies, can the vehicle respond when the driver avoids a crash. Crashworthiness is when the vehicle crashes, the vehicle should be safe enough to protect the driver and its passengers. This test will determine the airbag responsiveness, impacts, safety belts and others. (TRANSPORTATION, 1999)

A Case for Alternative Energy Generation: How Effective Is It? Essay

As the population rises, the demand for energy increases as well. Americans expect the convenience of electrical power to be there when they need it and their economy depends on it, but a lack of power might soon be a reality. A large amount of electricity in the United States is produced by burning fossil fuels. The national government, as well as individual states, are on a quest for less pollution, but with the energy demand so high it seems lower carbon emissions are impossible. Despite claims that the aging electrical grid is to blame for energy shortages, fossil fuel power generation plants simply cannot keep up with demand. While there is no question the electrical grid needs modernizing, alternative forms of energy production, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric programs have the potential to significantly increase the production of electricity. These programs will not only satisfy demand, but decrease dependency of fossil fuels and carbon emissions. Many argue that increasing renewable energy initiatives will be ineffective without a modernization of our current electrical grid. Globally, 80 percent of electricity is lost between generation and consumption by the end user (Bernstein Global 162). Advocates for renewable energy, such as Tracy Crawford, CEO of Technical Green, are in agreement that â€Å"without rebuilding our grid, we won’t be able to move forward with any new power initiatives and that would not be smart at all†. To help reduce energy loss, companies and power suppliers are advocating for a Smart Grid, an automated power grid that communicates with buildings, appliances, and power distribution centers to increase operational savings, improve energy efficiency, improve grid reliability, and provide efficie... .... 2009. Web. 9 May 2012. Kim, Myung. â€Å"Hoover Dam.† Our States: Geographic Treasures. N.p.: n.p., 2011. 1-3. EBSCO History Reference Center. Web. 9 May 2012. Pacella, Rena Marie. â€Å"Fish-Friendly Tidal Turbine.† Popular Science 1 June 2010: 44. EBSCO Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 May 2012. U.S. Geological Survey. â€Å"Hydroelectric Power Water Use.† Water Science for Schools. United States Geological Survey, 9 Mar. 2012. Web. 9 May 2012. Valenti, Michael. â€Å"Storing Solar Energy in Salt.† Mechanical Engineering 117.6 (1995): 72. EBSCO Military & Government Collection. Web. 9 May 2012. Wiser, Ryan H. The State of the U.S. Wind Energy Market: Wind Technologies Market Report: 2010. 7-9. Wind Powering America. U.S. Department of Energy , 26 May 2011. Web. 9 May 2012. Woody, Todd. â€Å"WIND VS. BIRD.† Forbes 1 Jan. 2012: 70-75. EBSCO Business Source Premier. Web. 9 May 2012.

Differences And Effects Of Natural And Synthetic Fertilizers :: essays research papers

Differences and Effects of Natural and Synthetic Fertilizers At the core of the growth and germination of plants lie the nutrients they receive from the soil. The nutrients required for growth are classified into two groupings, macronutirents and micronutrients. Macronutrients are those that are needed in very large amounts, and whose absence can do a great harm to the development of the plant life. These nutrients include calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and are very sparse in most soils, making them the primary ingredients in most fertilizers. The other, more common macronutrients are called secondary nutrients, as they are not of as much importance. Micronutrients, the other classification, consist of all the other elements and compounds required for sufficient growth, such as iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine. In some cases, these nutrients are found to be missing in soils, but it is extremely uncommon. As plants need to retrieve all of their nutrients from the soil, many methods have been developed in order to find ways to improve or change the soil to suit the plant's needs. Soil, in science as well as in common gardening, must undergo detailed inspection, to detect such things as the pH of the soil. A soil with a pH above 7.0 is called an alkaline soil, and will commonly kill plants. Mineral content, as mentioned above, is also a concern, and must be clearly monitored. After inspection, it is common for minor organic materials outside fertilizers to be applied, such as peat moss, ground bark, or leaf mold. It is after these steps that fertilization must occur, leading to a debate which has plagued gardeners and scientists alike: organic or chemical? Fertilizers, in both natural and synthetic breeds, are carriers of the primary and secondary nutrients that are found less often in even the most fertile soils. Fertilizers are mixtures that are mixed or applied to soil, thus greatly increasing its potency and maximizing plant growth. As mentioned before, however, there are both natural and inorganic fertilizers, all with varying effects. The compositional differences of these types are great, indeed. Natural fertilizers, as one would expect, are totally organic, and usually come from the manure of animals. These are the fertilizers that produced the forests of the world, among much other plant life in ecosystems, and have been used since ancient times. Chemical fertilizers are a more recent invention, consisting of carefully concentrated mixtures of nutrients, formulated for quick growth. These can take many forms, from powder, to "dirt", to even tablets! Natural fertilizers, as mentioned above, include the various types of manure and other animal waste products, as well as compost, which is a mixture

The Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States Essay e

The Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States Illegal immigration has been an important and serious issue for decades; which affects everyone, both Americans and immigrants themselves. Illegal Immigration has three main purposes: first to find a better life in the ?promise land?, second: free healthcare, and third: for criminal activity. Most illegal immigrants come to America with the best intentions for themselves and/or their families, but many others have alternative motives. The thing that must be remembered is that illegal immigration is illegal. It?s all in the name. ?Over 6 million illegal immigrants live in the US- some estimate even more.? (Illegal Immigration) This is astonishing. Six million people could make up a whole suburb such as Mesa or Chandler. Immigrants arrive in America in different ways. One is crossing the border illegally by land. Another way get into the US are by false identities or by stolen, or falsified passports. Another way is by illegal smuggling boats. ?Others enter with legal documentation and then violate the terms on which they have been admitted by taking jobs that are not authorized or overstaying the authorized period of stay in the country? (Illegal Immigration) A bad side to having such a large amount of illegal immigrants in the nation is the crime rate and prison population caused by certain ?illegals?. ?Illegal immigration is a major cause in the overcrowding of our schools and our prisons.? (Bender, David) Michael Huffington, a former member of the US House of Reps. For California says that, ?Many illegal immigrants come for two purposes that are both destructive and expensive: to commit crimes or to receive government benefits.... ...ed by those individuals will hopefully decrease. And perhaps by instituting other policies which help the people who want a better life; and are willing to take the steps to becoming a citizen, will make America not so much of a hide out, but the land of opportunity that is once was less than a century and a half ago. Works Cited Bender, David, Bruno Leone, Charles P. Cozic. Illegal Immigration, Opposing Viewpoints. California: San Diego, 1997. Huffington, Michael. Illegal Aliens, The Immigration Experience. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, 1997. ?Illegal Immigration is a Crime.? Issue Brief. http/:www.fairus.org/html/04113604.htm. 6 April 2001. Izumi, Lance T. ?Illegal Immigration and Crime.? Capital Ideas: Intellectual Capital from the Political Capitol. 2 September 1997. http/:www.padificresearch.org/capital/97-9-02.html. 7 April 2001.

Goals and Objectives Tied to Mission and Value Statements Essay

Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the potential customer. Aims and Objectives Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the  potential customer. Aims and Objectives Apollonia have their goals and objectives tied to their mission and value statements. They ensure goals and objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. This is crucial in their business because it is a high demand, and with a plan to follow and the ability to recognize the point that they achieve success. They update their goals and objectives when necessary, as business plans always have an ending date. The goals they set for the first year of business varies from the goals and objectives for year three or year 10. The planning stage is important in their business to make a good events location and a good restaurant for people to come to. Although planning is crucial in developing a good service, marketing is probably the most important aspect of their business. Their aims say that it is important to retain their existing customers base while growing the restaurant by attracting new customers. An example of a marketing goal might be to attract new customers from a particular area. Near or far. They include using social media to engage potential customers in conversations about food. They offer deals to come try out their food, sometimes free, sometimes deals that could benefit the potential customer.

Burial Practices Throughout the Ages

Society has always looked for a way to honor its dead. This has been the case since the earliest of times. There are rituals in all populations that mark the various passages each travel through in life. For instance, we mark an individual’s accomplishments in graduating from college, or getting married. It is no different in death. Death is the final passage that civilizations throughout history have found ways to honor. Burials and the ceremonies that commemorate them, offer the survivors an opportunity to pay homage to the life that has been lost.It gives them a chance to celebrate the deceased for accomplishments, life and family. The burial ceremony allows the survivors a chance to mourn, and express their grief to others. The ceremony helps those left behind to heal from the pain of the loss. From the early civilizations to the present, burial rituals have told us a great deal about the social behavior of the population. In most cases, children and elderly were buried ju st the same as the younger, stronger male. That tells us that the population valued its people and grieved their loss.In the middle and late Iron Age, burial practices reflected a diverse community. In the area that is now Britain, an individual was buried in two separate areas. For instance, there are areas where single bones are buried, as well as locations where the rest of the body is found. During the Iron Age, the breaking down of the human body indicated ritual activities. This was done at death or shortly after with the use of excarnation. Excarnation is allowing the body to be exposed until it reaches the skeleton stage. At that point, the cranium is usually first to separate from the body, followed by the feet and hands.This process will usually involve the chopping of skin, or soft tissue (Redfern, 2008). Once body parts are separated, the secondary burial can be completed. The body processing also included breaking bones to remove joint cartilage. Archeologists have noti ced that the bones found in secondary sites usually have cut marks, and fractures (Redfern, 2008). The Neanderthal was different in its method of dealing with the dead. In fact, the Neanderthal buried its dead in a painstaking ritual that occurred in stages with the consumption of the deceased person’s body parts.Nevertheless, the Neanderthal left gifts on the graves of those who died. Statistics indicate that 40 percent of the graves that archeologists have examined have been of the very old or very young. That fact indicates that the civilization valued both its elderly and children (Friedermann, Muller, Hemm, 2008). The burial practices of the pre-pottery Neolithic civilization found individuals buried in shallow graves. Some graves contained only one person while others contained many. Archeologists discovered 21 artifacts related to 15 graves in Atlit-Yam, on the Northern coast of Israel.Most of the items were tools, axes, and other household items. The graves at this si te were simple. There were a few secondary burial sites, as some skulls were detached from the body. The burial site was covered with lime plaster on its surface (Galili, Eshed, Goher, Hershkovitz, 2005). In the third millennium burial practices in the Oman peninsula feature tombs circular in shape with un-worked stone that had a single ring around it. The tomb had between two and ten chambers within it. One tomb at the site of Unar 1 was large enough to hold the bodies of 438 people.A smaller tomb found at Unn an-Nar Island only held between 34-48 individuals. Inside of the tombs, archeologists found ceramics, soft-stone objects, bronze, beads and shells. These items and burial method indicates a collective manner of living. There were some cremations discovered in this period as well (Blau, 2001). A burial cave found in the Aleutian Islands dated back to 390 BD. gives a glimpse into the function of the society. Inside the cave were found hearths and work places. Human bones had ar ranged stones around them. There was an additional stone arrangement at the back of the cave.In front of the cave, in the habitation area, animal bones and artifacts were found. The bodies were in a sarcophagus in wood or stone coffins. There is some discussion among scholars that cave burials may have been just for the better off (West, Lefevre, Corbett, Crockford, 2003). Burial rites in Sophocles’ Athens featured the use of tombs more than cemeteries. The tombs are found along roads or at passageways or gates. Antigone believed that all people are entitled to burial. The words tumbos and herion mean mounds of the land that cover the deceased and mark where the individual is buried. The word, taphos means the tomb.The grave or tomb generally was located in a public location. The idea that the dead should be separated in some way from those living is not a part of the Greek culture. However, late 5th century walls have been found that divide up tombs from one family to anothe r. Monuments always face the street or public square. The Romans of the same era prohibited the burial of any individual within the city. (Patterson, 2006). Murders in this era were executed for their crime. After execution, they were stoned and thrown out of the city without being buried. Suicide victims were buried but not provided a headstone.People of good standing were given ceremonies that featured songs. Then they were placed in a decorated tomb (Patterson, 2006). Heroes and those killed in battle were given a public funeral with games, oration, and sacrifices. Solon devised the rules for burial in Athens. He said the deceased should be laid out within his home. The next day, he would be carried out of the house on the board he was laying on. When they carry the dead out, men will walk in the front of the procession. Women walk behind. In addition, no woman under age 60 could enter the chamber of the dead, or the tomb.(Patterson, 2006). This is quite different from the days o f Jesus where women were in charge of caring for the dead. In Medieval times there is a diverse burial rite found in the use of boats with regional and temporal variations found. The Sutton Hoo Mound is a large ship-type grave. Most of the boats used were dugout logboats. Some of the civilizations used boat timbers or boat parts to cover the grave area (Brooks, 2007). Scandinavia is well-known for its adoption of burial by boat. The Swedes and Norwegians practiced boat cremations; however, such is rare in Anglo-Saxon areas.The exception to this is the site at Sutton Hoo Mount three. At that site there is a tree-trunk made like a coffin that was used for cremation (Brooks, 2007). By the time the 18th century came around, most people in England were buried in unmarked graves in a churchyard. The ground was consecrated and the service was performed by an Anglican clergyman. He used the book, â€Å"Book of Common Prayers† for the service. In 1689, however, the idea of personalize d funerals and pre-planned ceremonies came into being. The more affluent bought coffins. This lead to the development of the undertaker profession (Gitting, 2007).The very affluent built themselves a mausoleum on their land. The most famous ceremony was for John Knill, the mayor of St. Ives. He established a trust and asked that a ceremony be performed every five years. The ritual featured ten girls, who were under the age of ten. It also featured two widows, the vicar, and mayor and customs officer. All paraded to the mausoleum on top of a hill. The ceremony featured dancing, and singing, â€Å"Old Hundredth, â€Å"All people that on earth do dwell† (Gitting, 2007). Ironically, the ceremony was last completed in 2006. After the American Civil War, the ideal of embalming became popular.Prior to this Americans relied on the European methods establish for the preservation of the body. The use of embalming gave family a chance to look at the person one last time and accept his or her death. Embalming was used after Lincoln’s death to allow him to lie in state for individuals to witness, (Funeral Industry, n. d. ) In conclusion, burial rites of differing civilizations tell us a story of how the people lived, as well as how they died. It explains their values, and speaks to the kind of society they lived within. For example, south of Cairo a 5,000 year old tomb was discovered.Inside of the tomb archeologists found the bones of 10 donkeys. (Burial Site, 2008). This indicates the value this civilization placed on the role of the animals. Therefore, burial rites explain much about ancient civilizations, but also tell us a great deal about ourselves. Although the rituals may have changed, the overall purpose is the same and that is to honor the dead. References Blau, S. (2001). Fragmentary endings: a discussion of 3rd-millennium BC burial practices in the Oman Peninsula. Antiquity, 75, (289), 557 Brooks, S. (2007). Boat-nvets in graves in pre-Viking Kent : Reassessing Anglo-Saxon boat burial traditions.Medieval Archeology, 51, (1), 1-18 Burial site a high honour for a lowly beast. (2008). In Mac lean’s, 121, (16), 55 Friedermann, S. , Muller, S. , Hemm, C. (2008). The Neanderthals. New York, NY: Routledge Publishing Company Funeral Industry. (n. d. ) In Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from, http://wwwdeathreference,con/En-Gh/funeral-industry. htm Galili, E. , Eshed, V. , Gopher, A. , Hershkovitz, A. (2005). Burial practices of the submerged pre-pottery Neolithic C site of Atlit-Yam, Northern Coast of Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 339, 1-19Gitting, C. (2007). Eccentric or Enlightened? Unusual burial and commemoration in England, 1689-1823. Mortality, 12, (4), 321-349 Patterson, C. (2006). The place and practice in burial in Sophocles’ Athens. Helios, 33, 9-48 Redfern, R. (2008). New evidence for Iron Age secondary burial practice and bone modification from Guss age, All Saints and Maiden Castle (Dorset, England). Oxford Journal of Archeology, 27, (3), 281-301 West, D. , Leferve, C. , Corbett, D. , Crockford, S. (2003). A burial cave in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Artic Anthropology, 40, (1), 70

Research Proposal Essay

I would like to write about a famous Arabic writer, Naguib Mahfouz. His poetry and works inspire me a lot and I enjoy reading his things. My father always used to read them to me, because his poems were true. Mahfouz always talks about the issues affecting the people of Egypt: generational, historical, religious, and political. Egyptians always have something going on. With his writings, Mahfouz’s introduces the reader to Egyptian reformers and modern and traditional characters as they change. We all know that as a country Egypt constantly reforms, even at an early age, Mahfouz has been able to capture hints of revolution. Mahfouz’s novels are stories of love, ethics, moral responsibility, and crises that characterize a culture that has had many changes. His stories talk about and describe the lives of ordinary individuals caught in struggles of identity and religion. His fictional work paint a picture of Egyptian Muslims that are ruled by their own culture, as well as those they encounter as a result of the outside influence of colonialism. This simultaneity allows Mahfouz to depict the contemporary Egyptian identity as both modern and traditional. In Naguib Mahfouz’s short story â€Å"Zaabalawi† there see a young man in search of the mysterious Zaabalawi, because he afflicted with a disease which doctors are unable to cure. Zaabalawi is known to cure illnesses, a holy man that has healing powers. Zaabalawi is like a mysterious figure that has some strange powers to accomplish the impossible. While in this search, the protagonist visits a variety of figures including a religious lawyer, a book seller, a government officer, a calligrapher, and a musician. Not able to find any definite answers as to the whereabouts of Zaabalawi, he begins to doubt his existence. Eventually, however, while in a drunken sleep in a tavern, he dreams that he is in a beautiful garden and experiences a state of harmony and contentment. He awakes to find that Zaabalawi was with him but has now disappeared again. Though upset at having missed him, the main character is encouraged by his dream and determines to continue his search for Zaabalawi. In this story the author uses symbolism to convey his message to his audience, that the quest to find Zaabalawi is a journey into our souls in search of the inner peace that inside us. Mahfouz uses a lot symbolic meanings, such as irony, that is why I want to write about this work. I have always been drawn to these types of writing. Annotated Bibliography 1. Aboul-Ela, Hosam. â€Å"The Writer Becomes Text: Naguib Mahfouz and State Nationalism in Egypt.† Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 27:2 (2004 Spring), pp. 339-56. – I chose Prof. Aboul Ela because his work because it’s easy to read and very simple, some of the other materials was a bit too hard to put together. 2. Naguib Mahfouz. â€Å"The Happy Man† ONE WORLD OF LITERATURE Shirley Geok-Lin Kim and Norman A. Spencer. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. p.46-p.53 – Im using this source because it’s going to help me explain other literary works of Naguib Mahfouz in this essay. 3. Modern Egyptian Short Stories by El-Gabalawy, Saad (trans.) (Najib Mahfouz, Youssef Idris, Saad Elkhadem) ISBN: 0919966039 – Im using this other source because of the type of writing. This book explains how Mahfouz writes his stories, and what he uses in terms of grammar and how he builds the story, symbolism and irony. 4. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mahfouz.htm – This source is going to help me discuss the state of mind of Naguib Mahfouz when he wrote his books. It explains how Mahfouz became a beginning of an era not only in the Egyptian literature but also in the Arab literature.He was always lonely, maybe that’s the reason why his writings were always kind of sad.

Globalization & Culture

This report presents the findings from two interviews conducted on two subjects namely; Kyu Yong (Eric) Kim and another one known as Brian (Choi). The interview used semi-structured method to interview the two subjects. The aim of the interview was to investigate the effects globalisation has had on them. This was done with an aim of determining how cultural orientations are shaped or determined by globalization. Also the interview aimed at analyzing as well as presenting views on the topics from literature review available. The reason for settling on the two as suitable candidates for the problem under investigation was due to two reasons: First of all, the fact that both subjects have interacted with people from two or more cultures different from theirs. Secondly, both subjects have been subjected to different cultures mainly for reasons related to globalization in one way or the other. Finally, the interviewees were selected because of their accessibility to the interviewer as well as their willingness to participate in the interview. The findings of the interview are discussed below and effort is put in order to generalize the findings to the bigger population. Definations. Globalisation is the process of improved interactions of people from cultural countries, economic as well as social orientations afforded by the rapid growth of ICT transportation and advancement in technology such as ECD, internet, mobile phones and satellite communication. Culture can be defined as the way of life of a people mainly on how people relate and interact with the environment, their beliefs, their nutrition, their religion, their traditions as well as their aspirations. Culture is affected and shaped by many factors but of all of them, it is globalization that has had the greatest impact on culture. Results/findings for Brian Choi Brian represents two cultures, American culture and Korean culture. He is a represents blended culture. From the interview, when asked about what culture was and represented, his response was, â€Å"I believe culture is what shapes you and influences the way you act and think. Culture according to me represents beliefs which are so much intertwined in a person that it becomes very hard to change cultures or to forfeit ones culture†. From the above verbatim, Brian raises a critical point that culture is embedded in ones belief. According to(Robertson, 1992)belief plays an important role in shaping culture in that cultural practices such as songs, dances, worship, marriage as well as political systems are all unique to different cultures. As far as songs are concerned, songs from a particular group or community may reflect the beliefs of the particular community or group. This factor is necessary in order to understand why people believe in what they believe in. In the traditional Korean set up, songs were used in ceremonies as landmarks for special events. Up to date, there has been little influence on the Korean music/songs from other cultures such as western culture. This can be proved by the following comments made by Brain in the interview process. Asked about the role of songs in the Korean culture Brian replied that â€Å"in Korea songs are sacred, when a group of people and possibly any gathering is commenced with a song. In terms of cultural beliefs, is useful as a tool of communication and therefore handling down the treasured values of the Koreans. The fact that culture is fast being eroded by modernization and globalization was of central importance to the interview. According to Brian, globalization has affected the Korean culture in a number of ways including; ) Globalisation has led to penetration of foreign cultural practices in Korea. Specifically globalization through enhanced communication through mobile as well as internet has contributed to communication with various people in different parts of the world. This has in turn led to the contamination of the Korean culture in that more people than ever before are as a direct result of modern technology of communication, getting married to people outside their own c ultures. This has had impact on the Korean culture in that, whenever marriages outside cultural boundaries occur. The culture is assimilated fully in some cases while in others it is changed due to the integration. In cases where the two cultures may be incompatible total abandonment results and therefore one is forced to adopt a new culture. According to Brian, the leading cause on cultural deviation is marriage, in that more than ever before, more people are getting to interact and intermingle with different cultures and therefore becoming more open to change. This is supported by (Robertson, 1992) who notes that marriage is a powerful tool of taking people out of their ethnical tribal racial or religions cocoons. The claim is further supported by who notes that apart from the effect marriage has on culture, it too does affect peoples view and perception, of others and these is one of the self means of easing tensions between diverse groups communities or races historically penetration of discrimination or segregation of various forms of way perfected by proponents of such, discouraging and in some cases criminalizing, inter-tribal, or interracial marriages. A good case is in the apartheid Era, South Africa where Boers were not permitted to marry Africans and a move in contradiction to the above was punishable. This served best interests of apartheid supporters. Therefore globalization in the sense that it leads to more advances of cultural marriages has contributed to easing tensions in many groups or societies. Culture any conflict According to (Thomas, & Wilkin, 1997) culture difference, which in turn depends on myths, religion or history of a people is often a cause of personal conflict, religious conflict as well as political on that this culture has become a major force in many conflicts taking place in the modern times. Brian in this case is not affected by political conflict, but by a more subtle form of conflict, personal conflict which in turn translates into identity crisis. Identity crisis in relation to culture refers to a situation whereby an individual as a result of belonging to different cultures either naturally or by environmental related factors gets into a situation whereby he or she is face with unique challenges of which they must negotiate in order to progress peacefully in their cultures. In the case of Brian, his primary culture is Korea while his secondary culture is America. The fact that he likes identifying himself as American points to the fact that he is happy to belong to America. However, he likes travelling back to Korea for visits once or twice every fortnight. This connotes another attraction to Korea. Actually he is connected to the people of Korea and the visits cannot be dismissed as holidays but have a cultural bearing. On the other hand, the fact hat Brian does not deny belonging to any of the cultures points to the fact that he could easily pass for a person exhibiting and practising two cultures. Although Brian was silent on how religious practices in the two cultures, Korean and American have affected him, religion is known to play a crucial role in culture. There is evidence that most of the conflicts happening in the 21st century are directly caused by cultural differences rooted in diversity of religious beliefs (Teeple, 1995). For instance in Ireland, Catholics and Protestants have been known to regularly clash over cultural differences. Elsewhere, Muslims and Christians have on numerous occasions been involved in armed and prolonged conflicts all resulting to cultural differences. While as globalization is supposed to bring a solution to this dilemma, that has not been the case and globalization has to be utilized positively if much of the cultural tensions being experienced today are to be diluted. However, Brian owns up to being a victim of ideologized cultural conflict. To him, this has been manifested in the way he has to adapt to capitalistic tendencies commonly upheld by majority of the American while at the same reserving the more socialistic values learnt in Korean, and which is so much embedded in peoples’ everyday life activities. The other culture shock which Brian admits to having come face to face with is, the value attached to work in America is high compared to Korea, as far as work ethics is concerned, Brian equates the average American worker as very hard working and dedicated compared to an average worker, in Korea. According to him globalization has had an impact on work ethics in Korea in that, many American multinationals are opening up plants in Korea, employing local for semi skilled and unskilled labor. This in turn is inculcating American culture into the locals something which is shaping Koreans and in a way changing the status-quo. From his individual standpoint, Brian alluded to the fact in US, he is faced with many challenges especially when it comes to adjusting to organizational culture. The wide cultural differences are hard to adjust to and according him, many are the days that he experiences face-to face confrontations with his supervisor due to what he termed as irreconcilable cultural differences. Asked on his final word on globalization and culture he noted that, that people should share information, share resources, exchange goods and services in what is referred to as trade. All this can be achieved only through dissecting cultures and taking out the impediments to prosperity but retaining all the positives that enhance every human being’s fundamental rights and freedom. Eric Kyu Yong Eric though not as enthusiastic about the issue as Brian, yielded into very insightful information which clearly points to the roles importance, advantages, disadvantages as well as the shortcomings of globalization and the way it has been conceptualised in relation to cultural orientations. Eric points the fact that he has experienced directly both â€Å"worlds† that is, Korea and America. He confided this as something that has shaped his understating of the problem of globalization and culture. Having spent his childhood and part of his early teenage years in Korea and then proceeded to live in America. The fact that Eric was of age by the time he left Korea for the US made him a suitable subject for the interview in that he could yield to great insights on the problem. Asked about the merits and demerits of globalization on culture. Eric pointed to the following as the merits of globalization on culture. First of all, globalization has created an opening to cultural exposure. This has been occasioned by the booming tourism business which almost always undertakes to promote indigenous cultures, in places where it exists. According to Eric, when tourists from various parts of the world undertake foreign trips to different destinations, a cultural interaction results and two or multiple cultures almost always yield into great cultural impacts. This is made possible by globalization through efficient and reliable transport system. Although Eric was quick to point to the fact that his cultural experiences are not tourism related, he observed that what first hit his mind on arrival to America was his belief that people are culturally the same and the way they do things is the same no matter the origin. To his shock, Eric soon learnt that cultural orientation were very significant contributor to the way of life of a people. While in Korea people valued foods cooked traditionally and served in traditional cook-ware, in the US the society is very busy compared to Korea. People tended to work for long hours and lacked time for social life. Eric’s first time experience led him to believe for a very long time that his society back in Korea was simply no match for his new society. This was to change soon as he developed keen interest into understanding modern factors which influenced culture. According to him, over the past decade, he has observed so many similarities in the two cultures that he has begun to actually doubt whether any significant differences actually occur between the two cultures. This he attributes to globalization which he refers to have enabled instant communication, hence sharing and exchange of information. With the advent of telecommunication, people are able to communicate via satellite, consult over important international matters, as well as agitate for common stance on key issues. As far as culture is concerned, people have as a result of globalization been able to inter-marry and therefore aid minimizing the cultural gap that exist between different cultures. Eric confidently asserted that he had as a foregone conclusion decided to marry an American. This he said was aimed to allow him to further understand better the American culture, for which as he admitted, marks the epitome of cultural variations, co-existence and collaboration. According to him, these developments were unheard of in the 60’s but have been occasioned by the relatively rapid speed with which globalization has contributed to cultural changes. Eric noted that the greatest culture shock he experienced was as a result of noticing how the value attached to marriages so much differed in the two countries, that is Korea and America. According to him, the high divorce rates in America, and the de-emphasis on extended family was so much in contravention to the culture in Korea whereby the value-system is embedded in the extended families. According to him, this is evidenced by the way generations after generations share same names in what is believed as to be respect to the dead. This, Eric noted, has of late changed and more nuclear families are sprouting up. Eric added that this can be attributed to globalisation as this practice is highly attributable to the influence foreign cultures and especially western culture has had on the contemporary Korea society- specifically ICT and internet, were identified to have contributed to this development in that, these enables people to interact online through emails, on-line chatting, online friendships and in some cases, marriage. All the above have changed people and made them open up to change including accepting and borrowing some aspects of foreign cultures as on example, Eric pointed to the fact that, in Korea it was traditionally a taboo to divorce unless for some specific and well known reasons. Even under the above mentioned conditions, the situation involved a long and rigorous process which had to be sanctioned by some designated members of the society such as traditional elders. The other key contribution of globalization to culture according to Eric was clothing. In Korea, Eric noted that traditionally clothing is regulated. For women, the conditions and requirements are stringent and are supposed to be adhered to strictly unless one is ready to be termed as an ‘outcast’. Earning the term has its own negative effects in that one is virtually locked out into the benefits enjoyed by other members such as getting a bride or bridegroom, inheriting as well as education. However Eric pointed out that, globalization has significantly changed these perceptions. He noted that when his siblings including the sisters visit America, they enthusiastically shop and dress American and it is no longer a big issue. This he attributes also to globalization, according to him, upon coming to America he considered some dressing codes as totally unacceptable. His level of cultural tolerance was totally ‘amiss’ in his own words. However, he later learnt to accept and live with it especially on campus as members of the university were youngsters who were outgoing and hardly conservative. His experiences at the university contributed positively to his changed perceptions on cultures and he got to appreciate diversity and dynamism that so strongly shape culture. According to Eric though, no culture is superior to another but some culture so strongly influence others to the point of absorbing them completely. Although he down played the effect globalization has had on him particularly, he specifically mentioned that, his interaction with the America culture, largely occasioned by globalization has changed his life. Conclusion Globalisation has had major influence on culture, and it is not surprising that the cultures in two different countries that is America and Korea, as evidenced in the interview represent globalization influence on culture. From the evidence gathered from the interview with Brian and Eric, culture and globalization are intertwined and therefore influence each other. From the two interviewees, it was possible to deduce the factors which shape cultures. From the report, it can be recommended that, more research need to be carried out in order to determine how globalization can be shaped to avoid taking away from the achievements so far realized in integrating different cultures. On the same note, there is a need for efforts from governments and other key stakeholders to come up with policies which protect indigenous cultures from negative effects of globalization. This should be done with an aim of preventing erosion of positive aspects of cultures however small. Finally globalization should be encouraged in as far as it promotes development of cultural issues such as integrating of cultures which helps solve numerous challenges such as racial, tribal or ethnic tensions.

Formal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Formal report - Essay Example The company has a diverse customer base and thus the resources to improve the relationships between customers, employees and management, among others. The importance of leadership is highlighted in this report while defining the role expected of different players in the business. The report also incorporates the elements of building a proper customer service repertoire. The customer service is to be supported by a charter and standards, which also incorporates the use of norms and organizational practices. The above discussion and recommendations demand that Samsung improves on the employee policy to empower their contributions to customer challenges, by developing an employee well versed with the company operations, in different product departments, to improve on knowledge directed towards customer-service In this way, stronger customer loyalty will be built that leads to better company image and increasing revenue. The report concludes with the provision of a conclusion based on fi ndings, and recommendations that would improve on how the company relates with customers. The paper limits the study to the electronics branch of the business. This paper covers challenges that are faced by Samsung’s customer relations. Samsung has two challenges in customer relations. Customer service representatives experience high pressure because they receive many negative emotions and hear lots of complaints, and the working environment is not as comfortable as other clerical jobs, in retrospect to the nature of the job. The principles of customer service (integrity, respect, and accountability) must be integrated with the customer relations policy in Samsung’s approach to dealing with their clients, under customer support. The company has a diverse customer base and thus the resources to improve the relationships between customers, employees and management, among others. The importance of leadership is highlighted in this report while defining the role